北京新航道學(xué)校 李傳偉
第十二天:大小寫作 得分多多---小作文語言
格式以外,小作文的語言也很重要。除了一般作文的要求,如沒有語法錯誤、用詞豐富、句子結(jié)構(gòu)有變化以外,小作文還有特殊的要求,如文體方面與交際方面的要求。下面以前一天的范文為例剖析這幾點。
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position. There are a few factors involved that I find intolerable.
First of all, the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised, and I have a large family to support. In addition, the office is located in the downtown area, yet I live in the suburbs, so it is exhausting for me to spend over three hours commuting every day. Most importantly, I feel rather disappointed and left out on the job itself, as in the past two months I was never given any really important responsibility.
I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
一、遣詞造句
首先,本文用詞準(zhǔn)確。例如,current position中的current,(spend over three hours) commuting中的commuting,(any really important) responsibility中的responsibility。其次,句型多變。有并列句,如第二段首句。還有較多的復(fù)合句,包含主句與從句,如第二段的第二句與第三句。當(dāng)然,銜接手段也很豐富,具體內(nèi)容會在明天的總結(jié)中談到。
二、文體規(guī)范
所謂文體,就是考研大綱中所說的語域問題。小作文主要考查兩類文體,即正式文體與非正式文體。寫給團體或機構(gòu)的書信一般使用正式語言,即不用縮略語和口語用法。非正式文體主要涉及寫給朋友的書信,可以使用縮略語和口語用法。上面的信是寫給團體負責(zé)人的,所以用語正式。
三、交際原則
所謂交際原則,就是要針對不同場合使用不同語言,使交流得以進行。落實到小作文的書信,就是要恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂枚Y貌語言。上面文中的末句就體現(xiàn)了這一原則。不同的應(yīng)用文有不同的用語,考生應(yīng)該加以熟悉和背誦,使考試時能運用自如。針對不同應(yīng)用文的具體套話,可以登錄新航道網(wǎng)站www.newchannel.org上的考研論壇下載。