Ⅳ、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(SVOO)
e.g. He gave me a book.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)e.g. They informed us that they might be 20 minutes late.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)Ⅴ、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(SVOC)(C——complement)
e.g. We considered him to a top student.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)e.g. The news made him very happy.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)e.g. They find it difficult to answer the question.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 真正的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充: 某些及物動(dòng)詞除要求帶賓語(yǔ)外,有時(shí)還需要有一個(gè)成分補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明該賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征等,意思才完整,這個(gè)成分就是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
e.g. We leave the door open主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)能用于“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(SVOC)”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞不多, 常見(jiàn)的有:set: e.g. set the bird free; 使處于某種狀態(tài)make: e.g. make me happy;
keep: e.g. keep the trees alive; 使…保持著(某種狀態(tài))
leave: e.g. leave the boy without care and support; 使…處于某種狀態(tài)補(bǔ)充:Without: perp.沒(méi)有;不e.g. They have endured three days without food or water. (沒(méi)有)
e.g. Close the door without making any noise, please. (不)
還有一種存在句型: there be 的句型e.g. There is something wrong here. e.g. There are two people over there.英語(yǔ)句子中的幾個(gè)基本句式:陳述句,疑問(wèn)句,感嘆句和祈使句。 陳述句分為肯定句和否定句, 陳述句和否定句(在be動(dòng)詞后加not或在助動(dòng)詞后加not)是我們最為熟悉的句式, 最常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)。
e.g. He is a worker. 其否定句是:He is not a worker. e.g. He likes English. 其否定句:He doesn't like English.疑問(wèn)句分為一般疑問(wèn)句,特殊疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。一般疑問(wèn)句就是把be動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞提到句首,e.g. Is he a worker?
e.g. Does he like English?
而特殊疑問(wèn)句就是在句子是由特殊疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo),e.g. what do you like?
e.g. Where are you going?
反意疑問(wèn)句由前后兩部分組成,若前一部分用肯定式,后部分用否定式;若前一部分用否定式,后一部分用肯定式。反意疑問(wèn)句句尾由“助動(dòng)詞+代詞”構(gòu)成。
e.g. He is a student, isn‘t he?
e.g. He likes English, doesn‘t he?
e.g. He cannot speak English, can he?