定語(yǔ)
也就是做名詞的修飾語(yǔ)。只要牢記本講“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義”一節(jié)中的內(nèi)容,就不難理解非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ),本質(zhì)上是“定語(yǔ)從句”,例如:
Where is the house built last year?
= Where is the house that(或which)was built last year (去年建造的那棟房子哪兒去了?)
Do you see the house being built there?
= Do you see the house that(或which)is being built there?(看見(jiàn)那邊那棟正在建造的房子了嗎?)
The house to be built next month will be our dorm.
= The house that(或which)will be built(或that is to be built)next month will be our dorm.(下月要建造的那棟房子將是我們的宿舍。)
也就是說(shuō),只要把握好“時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”和“語(yǔ)態(tài)(先行詞與動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系)”,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的考試選項(xiàng)比較容易,出題幾率也比較低。
有人可能會(huì)問(wèn):
I have a letter to write 和I have a letter to be written兩個(gè)句子中的黑體部分都是做“l(fā)etter”的定語(yǔ),為什么一個(gè)用主動(dòng),另一個(gè)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),當(dāng)動(dòng)詞(write)的行為者就是句子的主語(yǔ)(I)時(shí),用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。因此,這兩個(gè)句子的內(nèi)涵是有些區(qū)別的。但由于考試形式的局限性,一般不會(huì)考這種區(qū)別的。