十一、神經(jīng)精神系統(tǒng) Neuropsychiatric
（1)他數(shù)星期來(lái)，有好幾次在眩暈前，意識(shí)突然發(fā)生變化。
He had several sudden alterations in consciousness preceded by dizziness for several weeks.
※神經(jīng)癥狀
-一般用語(yǔ) vertigo, dizziness, dizzy spell, syncope, fainting, sleepy, drowsy, lethargic, insomnia, hiccough, convulsion, seizure, trembling, involuntary movement, numbness, weakness, incoordination, clumsiness of motion, tingling, unsteadiness in walking, difficulty in walking, paresthesia, anesthesia, paralysis, myalgia, thick speech, aphonia
ex1:他發(fā)覺(jué)，說(shuō)話(huà)障礙逐漸厲害起來(lái)。
He noted a progressive speech impediment.
ex2:他不能用病側(cè)腳尖站著。
He was unable to stand on tiptoe on the affected limb.
（2)他的情緒容易突變，且會(huì)無(wú)緣無(wú)故地慍怒和哭泣。
He is liable to sudden changes of mood and would sulk and cry for no apparent reason.
※抑郁
-一般用語(yǔ) despondent, gloomy, worried, disgusted, discouraged, scared, fearful, low, afraid, angry, blue ; cheerful, optimistic, pessimistic, satisfied, stable, fluctuating, hilarious
-喜歡小題大做的 fussy
-好管閑事的 noisy
-吹毛求疵的 fault-finding
-自負(fù)的 conceited
-很勢(shì)利的 snobbish
-自私的 selfish
-吝嗇的 stingy
-氣量大的 broad-minded
-慷慨的 generous
-好心的 kind-hearted
-心情變幻不定而抑郁的 be moody and depressed
-患有極痛苦的憂(yōu)慮 have an attack of excruciating anxiety
ex1:His mood was appropriate.
ex2:His mood was mainly euphoric and expansive.
※思考能力
-一般用語(yǔ) think less clearly, decreased speed of thinking, decreased clarity of
thought, flight of ideas, loss of mental vigor , mental apathy
-再也不能集中心力 can no longer concentrate
-發(fā)覺(jué)集中力減退 noted waning powers of concentration
ex1:她發(fā)覺(jué)在讀習(xí)和寫(xiě)作時(shí)，注意力有點(diǎn)不易集中。
She noted only slight difficulty in concentrating while reading and writing.
（3)他迷妄，有生動(dòng)的幻覺(jué)，并且不能說(shuō)出連貫的病歷。
He was deluded, vividly hallucinated, and unable to give any coherent history.
※精神異常
-一般用語(yǔ) hallucination, delusion of persecution(被害妄想), mental confusion, disorientation, mental aberration, negativism, loss of memory, amnesia, mutism, etc.
-老是發(fā)出癡呆、不適當(dāng)?shù)男β?frequently exhibit silly inappropriate laughter
-對(duì)其他小孩殘酷無(wú)情 behave brutally toward other children
-變?yōu)殡y于駕御 become unmanageable
-發(fā)覺(jué)個(gè)性顯著變化 a definite personality change is noted
-精神失常逐漸厲害起來(lái) have gradually progressive mental deterioration.
-發(fā)覺(jué)記性障礙有2個(gè)月 noted memory impairment for 2 months.
（4)她顯示出心情、情緒反常的顯著傾向。
She manifested a marked tendency toward destructiveness and disturbance of mood and affect.
※性癖異常
-一般用語(yǔ) emotional instability, tendency to worry, hot temper, temper outbursts, irritable, shy, fussy, quarrelsome
-情緒非常窘迫 be in severe increasing emotional lability
-心神不安寧,坐立不安 be restless and fidgety
-動(dòng)輒生氣 be easily moved to anger
-脾氣暴躁 have temper tantrums
-深懷自卑感 harborn deep feelings of inferiority
ex1:病人的健康狀態(tài)良好，情緒似使正常。
The patient is in good condition and seems to be emotionally undisturbed.
ex2:他老是神經(jīng)過(guò)敏，自從心悸發(fā)生后更加厲害。
He was always a 'nervous' person but more so since the onset of palpitation.
exercise 4
1.他不知道病的起因。
2.他的病是慢慢地發(fā)作的。
3.他上腹部突然痛起來(lái)。
4.他的病，是在住院前3星期開(kāi)始的。
5.約在7個(gè)月前，他第一次發(fā)覺(jué)，吞?hào)|西不如以前順利。
6.3天前他開(kāi)始咳嗽，一直繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。
7.從去年8月，他開(kāi)始有食欲不振，體重減輕和發(fā)燒的癥狀。
8.他的癥狀是喉痛和無(wú)力。
9.他的消化系統(tǒng)，完全無(wú)癥狀。
10.他的老病---風(fēng)濕癥，又發(fā)了。
11.3天前，他的病開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)。
12.昨天他的病更加惡化。
