中醫(yī)英語翻譯:毫針操作:針刺的角度與深度

① 針刺的角度：指進針時針身與皮膚表面所構(gòu)成的夾角。有直刺、斜刺橫刺三種。

1. The Angle Between the Needle and the Skin
Generally, there are three kinds: perpendicular, oblique and horizontal.

斜刺：針身與腧穴的皮膚表面呈45度角左右傾斜刺入，適用于肌肉較薄或穴下有重要臟器不宜深刺的部位。如胸、背部。

Oblique: The needle is inserted obliquely to form on angle of approximately 45 degree with the skin, suitable for the points where the muscle is thin or close to the important viscera. Points on the chest and back are often needled in this way.

橫刺：又稱平刺。針身與腧穴皮膚表面呈15度角左右沿皮刺入，適用于肌肉淺薄處。

Horizontal (also known as transverse insertion): The needle is inserted horizontally to form a 15-25 degree angle with the skin. This method is commonly used in the places where the muscle is thinnish.

② 針刺的深度：指針身刺入皮肉的深淺。以既有針感又不傷及重要臟器為原則。多根據(jù)體質(zhì)、部位、病情而決定。如年老氣血虛弱，小兒嬌嫩之體、形體瘦弱以及頭面、背部等宜淺刺；青壯年體質(zhì)強壯或形體肥胖者，以及四肢臀腹部可適當深刺。

2. Depth of Needle Insertion
A proper depth of needles induces better needling sensation without hurting the important tissue and organs clinically, the depth of insertion mostly depends on the shape of the patient, the location of the points and the pathological condition. For the elderly often suffering from deficiency of Qi and blood, or for infants with delicate constitution, and such places as the head, face, and back, superficial insertion is advisable. For the young and middle-aged with musculature or fatty shape, or for the points on the four extremities, buttocks, and abdomen, deep insertion is employed.