目前，異種肝移植還處于研究階段，無(wú)論是一致性異種供肝還是相異性異種供肝，均存在不同程度的體液排異反應(yīng)問(wèn)題。采用抗體清除、補(bǔ)體激活相關(guān)的炎性拮抗劑等各種治療措施，以及用免疫抑制劑抑制細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的排異反應(yīng)，這些方法在理論上應(yīng)該是可行的，但免疫排異的問(wèn)題還需繼續(xù)進(jìn)一步研究。另外，供體動(dòng)物所攜帶的病原微生物是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致受體發(fā)病以及是否會(huì)傳染給其他人，也是一個(gè)需要繼續(xù)研究的問(wèn)題。如果豬作為供體成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的話，那么研究和選擇健康的無(wú)特異病原的（specific pathogenic-free)豬也是一個(gè)值得進(jìn)一步重視的課題[18]。
參考文獻(xiàn)
1.Coper DKC. Xenografting:how great is the clinical need?Xeno,1993,1:25
2.Fryer JP,Leventhel JR,Matas AJ.The emergence of xenotransplantation.Transpl Immunol,1995.3:21
3.Calne RY.Organ transplantation between widely disparate species.Transplant Proc,1970,2:550
4.Tearle RG,Tange MJ,Zannettino ZL et al.The alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout mouse.Implication for xenotransplantation .Transplantation,1996,61:13
5.Kroshus TJ,Bolman RM,Dalmassop P.Selective IgM depletion prolongs organ survival in an ex vivo model of pig-to-human xenotransplantation.Transplantation,1996,62:5
6.Hoopes CW,Platt JF.Molecular Strategies for clinical xenotransplantation in cardiothoracis surgery.Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,1996,8:156
7.Minanov OP,Itescu S,Neethling FA et al.Anti-Gal IgG antibodies in sera of new-born humans and baboons and its significance in pig xenotransplantation.Transplantation,1997,63:182
8.Rieben R,Von Allmen E,Korchagina EY et al .Detection of immunoabsorption and inhibition of cytotoxic activity of anti-Gal antibody using newly developed episodes.Xeno,1995,2:98
9.Ryan US.Complement inhibitory therapeutic and xentransplantation Nat Med,1995,1:967
10.Kroshus TJ,Rollins SA,Dalmasso AP et al .Complement inhibition with anti-C5 monoclonal antibody prevents acute cardiac tissue injury in an ex vivo model of pig-to-human xentransplantation.Transplantation,1995,60:1194
11.Cozzi E,White DJG.The generation of transgenic pigs as potential human donor for humans.Nat Med,1995,1:964
12.Jurd KM,Gibbs RV,Hunt BJ.Activation of human prothrobin by porcine aortic endothelial cells-a potential barrier to pig to human xenotransplantation.Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis,1996,7:336
13.Fullbrook SD,Wilkinson MB,Animal to human transplants:the ethics of xenotransplantation (1) Br J Theatre Nurs ,1996,6:2;6:28;6:32
14.Fullbrook SD,Wilkinson MB.Animal to human transplants :the ethics of xenotransplantation (2) .Br Theatre Nurs ,1996,6:3;6:13;6:18
15.Minanov OP,Itescu S,Michler RE.Recent advances and potential for clinica use of xenotransplantation .Curr Opin Cardiol ,1996,11:214
16.Starzl TE,Fung JJ,Tzakis A et al .Baboon-human liver transplantation.Lancer,1993,341:65
17.Makowka L,Cramer DV,Hoffman A et al .The use of pig liver xenograft for temporary support of a patient with fulminant hepatic failure.Transplantation,1995,59:654
18. Swindle MM.Consideration of specific pathogenic-free swine (SPF) in xenotransplantation J Invest Surg,1996,9:267
